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diff --git a/doc/quickstart.html b/doc/quickstart.html index 6a0069b..b214443 100644 --- a/doc/quickstart.html +++ b/doc/quickstart.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" /> - <title>s6-linux-init: quickstart and FAQ</title> - <meta name="Description" content="s6-linux-init: quickstart and FAQ" /> - <meta name="Keywords" content="s6-linux-init installation quickstart faq" /> + <title>s6-linux-init: quickstart</title> + <meta name="Description" content="s6-linux-init: quickstart" /> + <meta name="Keywords" content="s6-linux-init installation quickstart quick start" /> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//skarnet.org/default.css" /> --> </head> <body> @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ <a href="//skarnet.org/">skarnet.org</a> </p> -<h1> Quickstart and FAQ for s6-linux-init </h1> +<h1> Quickstart for s6-linux-init </h1> <h2> Quickstart </h2> @@ -25,175 +25,27 @@ <ul> <li> <a href="//skarnet.org/software/skalibs/">skalibs</a> </li> <li> <a href="//skarnet.org/software/execline/">execline</a> </li> - <li> <a href="//skarnet.org/software/s6-portable-utils/">s6-portable-utils</a> </li> - <li> <a href="//skarnet.org/software/s6-linux-utils/">s6-linux-utils</a> </li> <li> <a href="//skarnet.org/software/s6/">s6</a> </li> </ul> </li> - <li> Install <a href="index.html">s6-linux-init</a> itself. </li> - <li> Save your old <tt>/sbin/init</tt> binary. </li> <li> Save and remove your old <tt>/etc/s6-linux-init</tt> directory, if you have one. </li> + <li> Install <a href="index.html">s6-linux-init</a> itself. </li> + <li> Save your old <tt>/sbin/init</tt>, <tt>/sbin/telinit</tt>, <tt>/sbin/shutdown</tt>, +<tt>/sbin/halt</tt>, <tt>/sbin/poweroff</tt> and <tt>/sbin/reboot</tt> binaries. </li> <li> Make sure you have a <tt>/run</tt> directory. </li> - <li> Write a machine initialization script in <tt>/etc/rc.init</tt> and -a machine shutdown script in <tt>/etc/rc.shutdown</tt>. Make sure they are -executable. See below for more information on how to write these scripts. </li> + <li> Edit the scripts in <tt>/etc/s6-linux-init/skel</tt>. </li> <li> Check that your devtmpfs is automounted by your kernel at boot time. If it is not, add the <tt>-d 1</tt> option to the <tt>s6-linux-init-maker</tt> command line below. </li> <li> As root, run: <pre> - rm -rf /tmp/s6-linux-init /tmp/init - s6-linux-init-maker /tmp/s6-linux-init - mv /tmp/s6-linux-init /etc/ - ln -sf /etc/s6-linux-init/init /sbin/init </pre> </li> + rm -rf /tmp/blah + s6-linux-init-maker -1 -G "/sbin/getty 38400 tty1" /tmp/blah + rm -rf /etc/s6-linux-init/current + mv /tmp/blah /etc/s6-linux-init/current + cp -a /etc/s6-linux-init/current/bin/* /sbin/ </pre> </li> <li> Reboot. </li> <li> Congratulations! your machine is now running a s6-based init system. </li> - <li> To shut the machine down, use the -<a href="s6-halt.html">s6-halt</a>, -<a href="s6-poweroff.html">s6-poweroff</a> or -<a href="s6-reboot.html">s6-reboot</a> command as appropriate. </li> + <li> To shut the machine down, use <tt>/sbin/shutdown</tt>, <tt>/sbin/halt</tt>, +<tt>/sbin/poweroff</tt> or <tt>/sbin/reboot</tt> as usual. </li> </ol> -<h3> What should go into <tt>/etc/rc.init</tt> and <tt>/etc/rc.shutdown</tt> ? </h3> - -<h4> <tt>/etc/rc.init</tt> </h4> - -<p> - This script will be run after s6-linux-init has done is job, i.e. -<a href="//skarnet.org/software/s6/">s6-svscan</a> is running as process 1, and it -is now up to <tt>/etc/rc.init</tt> to get the machine to its usable state. -It normally contains a call to the service manager to bring up all the services; -for instance, if you're using -<a href="//skarnet.org/software/s6-rc/">s6-rc</a> as your service manager, and -your top bundle (containing all the services you want to bring up) is named -<tt>ok-all</tt>, a proper <tt>/etc/rc.init</tt> could look like this: -</p> - -<pre>#!/bin/sh -s6-rc-init /run/service && exec s6-rc -u change ok-all -</pre> - -<p> - The script can assume that: -</p> - -<ul> - <li> There is a tmpfs partition, only writable by root, mounted on <tt>/run</tt> </li> - <li> There is a <a href="//skarnet.org/software/s6/">s6</a> supervision tree -running on <tt>/run/service</tt> </li> - <li> <tt>/dev</tt> is mounted, but <tt>/proc</tt> and <tt>/sys</tt> are not </li> -</ul> - -<h4> <tt>/etc/rc.shutdown</tt> </h4> - -<p> - This script is spawned by <a href="//skarnet.org/software/s6/">s6-svscan</a> -when the administrator calls <a href="s6-halt.html">s6-halt</a>, -<a href="s6-poweroff.html">s6-poweroff</a> or -<a href="s6-reboot.html">s6-reboot</a>. When this script exits, the final -shutdown sequence is run, which means that the supervision tree is dismantled, -all processes are killed, the file systems are umounted and the system -undergoes a hardware shutdown or reboot. So the goal of this script is to -bring services down in an orderly fashion and perform all the necessary -cleanups before all remaining processes are summarily killed. -</p> - -<p> - If you're using <a href="//skarnet.org/software/s6-rc/">s6-rc</a> as your -service manager, a proper <tt>/etc/rc.shutdown</tt> could look like this: -</p> - -<pre>#!/bin/sh -exec s6-rc -da change -</pre> - -<h2> FAQ </h2> - -<h4> Why is it so complicated to use s6 as an init process? It's much -simpler with runit. </h4> - -<p> - Yes, runit is simpler, because it provides a simple -<a href="http://smarden.org/runit/runit.8.html">runit</a> binary -suitable as a <tt>/sbin/init</tt> program and calls scripts to -handle the three stages of init. However, the runit design has a -few perfectible points: -</p> - -<ul> - <li> The one-time initialization is performed in <tt>/etc/runit/1</tt>, but -the supervision tree is not run until <tt>/etc/runit/2</tt>, which means -means that it is impossible to start supervised services during the -one-time initialization. Early daemons such as <tt>udevd</tt>, for -instance, have to remain unsupervised. </li> - <li> runit runs with its descriptors pointing to <tt>/dev/console</tt>, -which means that error messages from the supervision tree, and uncaught -logs, will be displayed on the system console; they are not saved beyond -the console buffer capabilities. </li> - <li> The runit supervision tree is of height 3 -(runit, runsvdir, runsv), when height 2 is enough - some init -systems, like sysvinit, systemd or launchd, even provide a -supervision tree of height 1! (At the expense of complexity in the init -process, of course.) Height 3 is a bit redundant, because the supervision -capabilities of the root will be redundant with either those of the trunk -or those of the branches. Its display is also aesthetically less pleasing than -height 2: try out <tt>ps afuxww</tt> on a runit-based system. -Yes, this point is extremely minor, but still deserves a mention. :-) </li> -</ul> - -<p> - Running a s6-based init addresses those issues: -</p> - -<ul> - <li> Save for the initial tmpfs mount, <em>all</em> of the machine -initialization runs in the stage 2 script, i.e. <tt>/etc/rc.init</tt>, -and the supervision tree is already available at that point. This -makes it possible to start one-shot services as well as long-run -services in the desired order while ensuring that every long-run service -is properly supervised, i.e. it lays the ground for a proper dependency -management system. </li> - <li> s6-linux-init solves the problem of uncaught logs in a clean -way, and any error message from any process in the system is -guaranteed to end up in a logging directory. The <em>only</em> -exception is error messages from the catch-all logger process itself: -those naturally go to <tt>/dev/console</tt>. </li> - <li> When s6-svscan runs as process 1, the supervision tree is of -height 2, and <tt>ps afuxww</tt> looks clean. </li> -</ul> - -<p> - To sum up, a s6-based init is cleaner than a runit-based -init; it's a bit more complex to set up, but it organizes the system -in a better way, without using more resources. And the goal of -s6-linux-init is to make the setup more accessible. -</p> - -<h4> My <tt>/etc/rc.init</tt> script is not printing anything! </h4> - -<p> - You probably gave the <tt>-r</tt> option to -<a href="s6-linux-init-maker.html">s6-linux-init-maker</a>, and -your <tt>/etc/rc.init</tt>'s output is being logged into the -<tt>/run/uncaught-logs</tt> directory instead of printed to -<tt>/dev/console</tt>. -</p> - -<h4> I want to run s6 in a container, and I just want to log -to stdout/stderr, without this tmpfs and <tt>/dev/console</tt> -stuff and -without having a catch-all logger inside the container. Is it -possible ? </h4> - -<p> - Yes, it is possible, but then s6-linux-init may not be what you -are looking for. For your case, it will be simpler to run s6-svscan -directly! -</p> - -<p> - If you are using -<a href="https://www.docker.com/">Docker</a>, there is a -<a href="https://github.com/just-containers/s6-overlay">s6-overlay</a> -project specifically made for integrating s6 into Docker images. -</p> - </body> </html> |